Nonreciprocal magnon excitations by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction on the basis of bond magnetic toroidal multipoles

Abstract: The microscopic conditions for the emergence of nonreciprocal magnon excitations in noncentrosymmetric magnets are theoretically investigated. We show that asymmetric magnon excitations appear when a bond magnetic toroidal dipole becomes active, which is defined as a parallel component between the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya vector and the averaged spin moments at the ends of the bonds. Depending on magnetic structures accompanying the bond magnetic toroidal dipoles, the higher-rank magnetic toroidal multipoles can also be activated in a magnetic cluster, which describes various angle dependences of asymmetric magnon excitations. We demonstrate a variety of asymmetric magnon excitations for two magnetic systems in the noncentrosymmetric lattice structures; a one-dimensional breathing chain under a uniform crystalline electric field and a three-dimensional layered breathing kagome structure. We show that a bottom shift of magnon bands occurs by the magnetic toroidal dipole and a valley splitting occurs by the magnetic toroidal octupole under magnetic orderings.